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| Criterion |  UX Research Card Sorting |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Innovation Double Diamond |  Operations Process Mapping |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | For complex problems with a fuzzy situation, the method cleanly separates search space and decision. It first creates breadth in understanding and then focus in elaboration. This brings open questions, problem definition, and solution path into a traceable movement. | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Medium | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 30-120 min | Wochen bis Monate | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | Based on research question | 2-6 | 3-12 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Problem Statement, Solution Options, Prototypes, Deliverables per Phase | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog |
Tagsno overlap | Information architectureNavigationStructure | LeanObservationProcessOperations | ProcessDivergenceInnovation | ProcessOperationsImprovement |