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| Criterion |  UX Research Card Sorting |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Product Discovery Test Card |  Product Discovery Learning Card |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. | The Learning Card connects traceable test results to a reasoned next action while keeping the limits of the insight visible. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 20-35 min | 25-40 min |
Participantsdifferent | Based on research question | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 1-5 | 1-5 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Test Card with a pre-set threshold | Learning Card with evidence and next action |
Tagsno overlap | Information architectureNavigationStructure | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryLearning |