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Criterion
Paper illustration showing three sorted card stacks and an open question about a possible group.
UX Research
Card Sorting
Design sheets and interface cards connect to jointly written pseudocode with highlighted unresolved questions.
Architecture
ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)
Paper illustration for DACI
Decision Making
DACI
Paper illustration for RAPID
Decision Making
RAPID
Purposedifferent
When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations.ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.In cross-functional decisions, responsibilities quickly blur between approval, influence, and execution. DACI arranges these roles so decision pressure, contribution, and information stay cleanly separated.In complex management decisions, clarity is often missing about who recommends, who agrees, and who makes the decision. RAPID creates this assignment and stabilizes decisions across several levels.
Complexitydifferent
LowMediumLowMedium
Timedifferent
20-45 min2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional30-60 min45-90 min
Participantsdifferent
Based on research questionDesigners, developers as users, and facilitation2-103-12
Formatsame
Workshop + asyncWorkshop + asyncWorkshop + asyncWorkshop + async
Outputdifferent
Content groups, Label set, IA hypothesesPrioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisionsDACI Matrix, Decision Owner, Decision LogRAPID Role Map, Recommendation, Decision Log
Tagsno overlap
Information architectureNavigationStructure
ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks
DecisionRolesGovernanceAlignment
DecisionRolesGovernance
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