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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Process Mapping Fishbone Diagram After-Action Review

Criterion	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	Operations Process Mapping	Operations Fishbone Diagram	Operations After-Action Review
Purposedifferent	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots.	When a problem has several possible contributing factors, the method sorts causes by cause areas. It prevents an initial hunch from blocking the view of other plausible drivers.	After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	Medium	Low	Low
Timedifferent	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	1-3 h	30-60 min	20-45 min
Participantsdifferent	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	3-10	2-8	3-12
Formatdifferent	Workshop + async	Workshop	Workshop	Workshop + async
Outputdifferent	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog	Fishbone Diagram, Cause Categories, Investigation Backlog	Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary
Tagsno overlap	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	ProcessOperationsImprovement	Root causeQualityOperations	LearningOperationsImprovement

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