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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Causal Loop Diagram Causal Factor Analysis 5 Whys

Criterion	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	Systems Thinking Causal Loop Diagram	Operations Causal Factor Analysis	Operations 5 Whys
Purposedifferent	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	A Causal Loop Diagram makes feedback, reinforcement, and balance in a system legible. It uncovers side effects and self-reinforcement that stay hidden in linear explanations.	For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events.	For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	Medium	High	Low
Timedifferent	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	1-3 h	2-6 h	15-30 min
Participantsdifferent	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	2-8	3-10	2-6
Formatdifferent	Workshop + async	Workshop	Workshop + async	Workshop
Outputdifferent	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	Causal Loop Diagram, Feedback Notes, Leverage Points	Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions	Root cause notes, Countermeasures
Tagsno overlap	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	FeedbackSystems thinkingCausalityDynamics	CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline	Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving

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