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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Causal Factor Analysis Stock and Flow Diagram 5 Whys

Criterion	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	Operations Causal Factor Analysis	Systems Thinking Stock and Flow Diagram	Operations 5 Whys
Purposedifferent	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events.	A Stock and Flow Diagram shows how stocks, inflows, and outflows shape a system over time. It is especially suited when growth, delays, or capacity limits determine the dynamics.	For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	High	High	Low
Timedifferent	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	2-6 h	2-6 h	15-30 min
Participantsdifferent	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	3-10	1-6	2-6
Formatdifferent	Workshop + async	Workshop + async	Workshop + async	Workshop
Outputdifferent	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions	Stock and Flow Model, Dynamics Notes, Simulation Hypotheses	Root cause notes, Countermeasures
Tagsno overlap	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline	DynamicsSimulationFeedbackSystems thinking	Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving

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