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| Criterion |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |  Systems Thinking Soft Systems Methodology |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | Soft Systems Methodology helps explore unclear or politically charged problems systematically. Instead of forcing a quick answer, the method builds a shared understanding of perspectives and room for action. | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | High | High | High |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 0.5-3 Tage | 2-8 h | 1-6 Wochen |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | 5-15 | 2-8 | 4-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | Rich Picture, Root Definitions, Conceptual Models, Change Agenda | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan |
Tagsno overlap | SensemakingDecisionRationale | Soft systemsComplexitySensemakingSystems thinking | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause |