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| Criterion |  Operations After-Action Review |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 2-6 h | 1-3 h | 1-6 Wochen |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | 3-10 | 1-8 | 4-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan |
Tagsno overlap | LearningOperationsImprovement | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause | SensemakingDecisionRationale | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause |