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| Criterion | ![]() Operations Bottleneck Analysis | ![]() Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis | ![]() Decision Making Argument Mapping | ![]() Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a flow that backs up at one point, the method looks for the capacity limit with the greatest leverage. It explains why extra effort elsewhere barely improves throughput. | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 1-3 h | 1-3 h | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 3-8 | 1-8 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Bottleneck Map, Flow Metrics, Improvement Options, Follow-up Measures | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | FlowMeasurementConstraints | FailureResilienceRisk | SensemakingDecisionRationale | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |



