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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Card Sorting Fishbone Diagram Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Criterion	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	UX Research Card Sorting	Operations Fishbone Diagram	Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Purposedifferent	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations.	When a problem has several possible contributing factors, the method sorts causes by cause areas. It prevents an initial hunch from blocking the view of other plausible drivers.	For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	Low	Low	High
Timedifferent	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	20-45 min	30-60 min	2-6 h
Participantsdifferent	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	Based on research question	2-8	3-10
Formatdifferent	Workshop + async	Workshop + async	Workshop	Workshop
Outputdifferent	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses	Fishbone Diagram, Cause Categories, Investigation Backlog	FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions
Tagsno overlap	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	Information architectureNavigationStructure	Root causeQualityOperations	RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause

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